La Santa Inquisión
Por: Lights Magazine
La Santa Inquisición es uno de los temas más oscuros que siguen causando la mayor polémica que se haya tenido en la historia. Su fin era conseguir confesiones pasando por diferentes etapas de tortura y sufrimiento hasta llegar a quemar vivos en la hoguera a quienes no estuvieran de acuerdo con los reyes católicos de España o la Iglesia Católica. Tuvo presencia en Europa, principalmente en España y después en América, pasando por México.
Los inquisidores de la fe, después llamados “Tribunal del Santo Oficio” (actualmente “Congregación para la Doctrina de la Fe”) eran los encargados de destituir cualquier acto que fuera contra la Iglesia Católica. Pero para iniciar el proceso de Inquisición, se requería que hubieran al menos dos quejosos, seguido de un largo y tormentoso camino antes de llegar a la hoguera. Este proceso se divide en seis partes:
– Edicto de fe: se invitaba a que se denunciaran a sí mismos.
– Detención: se recogían los testimonios contra el acusado y se confiscaban sus bienes.
– Instrucción: el detenido permanecía en una celda durante meses y se le pedía que repitiera oraciones católicas y confesara sus pecados.
– Tortura: la instrucción se repetía hasta 3 veces hasta conseguir una confesión.
– Veredicto: cuando se llegaba a este punto se señalaba su castigo.
– El auto de fe: el evento se realizaba un domingo o día festivo para que asistiera toda la población, públicamente se leía la sentencia para después ser condenado y posteriormente ser arrojado a la hoguera.
Existieron 2 inquisiciones:
La Santa inquisición medieval estuvo bajo mandato del Papa. En ella se acusaba a todos los que no estaban de acuerdo con los lujos de la Iglesia Católica.
La Santa inquisición española abarcó desde 1478 con los reyes católicos hasta 1834, aunque la Iglesia Católica también participó.
Santa Inquisición en México
Como parte de los actos de la Santa Inquisición Española en nuestro país, el primer obispo de México, Juan de Zumárraga, quemó vivo al nieto de Nezahualcoyótl el 20 de noviembre de 1539 en una plaza pública, acusándolo de prender fuego a los indios para ofrenda de sus dioses. Esta acción ya no se podía aplicar a los cristianos nuevos de raza india.
Se dice que en México no existió una Santa Inquisición y que solamente fueron procesos y se recibían las denuncias de padres contra hijos, negación a la Virgen, la existencia de Dios y fornicar. Pero en Guanajuato hay evidencia en la Hacienda del Cochero que sí se vivió este terrible capítulo en nuestra historia. Actualmente puedes visitar la Hacienda en recorridos guiados que te harán estremecer, sentir angustia y agradecer vivir en esta etapa de libertad religiosa y pensamiento. Algunos de los instrumentos de tortura que podrás ver son cinturones de castidad y la rueda de ahogamiento.
Algunos de los personajes que fueron encerrados por la Santa Inquisición fueron José María y Morelos y el cura Miguel Hidalgo.
En México, la tortura quedó abolida en 1820.
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